Essential Information from the Data Analysis-Samples for Students

Question: Compose a letter to the Manager, Explaining Essential Information and Conclusions from your Data Analysis. Answer: Letter to the Manager To, Date: 17/08/2017 The Human Resource Manager, John Smith Tim George Senior Analyst Cleveland Corporations Sub: Essential data and end from the information examination Dear Tim, Concerning the letter, which solicited to embrace the information examination from the representative compensations and different perspectives, an investigation has been finished. During the investigation, first inclination was given to the compensation of the representatives and the examination of the information has uncovered that the pay has been according to the degree of work done by the representatives inside the association. The mean total pay of the laborers has been seen as waiting in the middle of 20 to 40. The following stage of information examination has been corresponding to the assessing the extent of representatives who are Moderately fulfilled or the workers who are Very happy with their degree of work at Cleveland Corps. The investigation of the information has uncovered that 195 respondents have communicated that they are Moderately fulfilled and then again 206 respondents have communicated that they are Very fulfilled. This uncovers a large portion of the represen tatives are happy with their degree of employment in Cleveland Corps and they are even content with the degree of compensation that are given to them regarding the activity they perform. A limited quantity of respondents have indicated the disappointment as for the activity that they act in the association. The senior administration is even intrigued to pick up information about the reality how the pay is identified with sexual orientation. It is seen that 53% of the male workers have an aggregate compensation of 9.8 to 39.8. In a similar pay piece, 47% of the representatives are female. It is seen that 87.95% male representatives are inside the pay section of 39.8 to 69.8. Just a little level of 12.05% female are inside this compensation section. In the last piece no females are there while 100% of the representatives are male in this area. The examination of the information has uncovered that there is a connection among sex and compensation of the workers. In this way, it is the o bligation of the administration to attempt different strides so as to build the pay of the female workers. The general rating by the workers as for the relationship with the administration has unveiled that 36.67% have evaluated it to be acceptable and 27.78% have appraised the relationship to be awesome. There has been a critical level of workers who have evaluated not terrible, but not great either and this uncovers a higher level of the representatives are content with the relationship with the administration. This shows the technique of the organization with connection to the relationship is fitting. The examination of the instructive years uncover this is definitely not a solid match model as just 7.79% of the relapse line can be clarified. Regarding age just no one but 4.46% can be clarified, while at Cleveland the main 4.3% can be clarified. The working hours can be clarified at just 3.2%. The long periods of work has a superior relapse line of 8.67% and the compensation has 4.46%. This has uncovered that none of the autonomous variable have a legitimate solid match model. The investigation of the information has uncovered that the organization has a compelling pay structure and relationship technique with the workers. Generously investigate the exceed expectations sheet to locate the equivalent. Respects John Smith List of sources Alsaraireh, F., Quinn Griffin, M. T., Ziehm, S. R., Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2014). Occupation fulfillment and turnover expectation among Jordanian medical attendants in mental units. Worldwide diary of psychological well-being nursing, 23(5), 460-467. Guan, Y., Wen, Y., Chen, S. X., Liu, H., Si, W., Liu, Y., ... Dong, Z. (2014). When do compensation and occupation level foresee profession fulfillment and turnover expectation among Chinese supervisors? The job of apparent authoritative vocation the board and profession stay. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(4), 596-607. Lee, Y. J., Sabharwal, M. (2016). Educationjob match, pay, and employment fulfillment over the general population, non-benefit, and revenue driven segments: Survey of late school graduates. Open Management Review, 18(1), 40-64. Olafsen, A. H., Halvari, H., Forest, J., Deci, E. L. (2015). Show them the cash? The job of pay, administrative need backing, and equity in a self?determination hypothesis model of natural work inspiration. Scandinavian diary of brain science, 56(4), 447-457.

Critical Thinking Assignment: Buddhism

1. The topic of Origin-Those who follow Buddhism have confidence that the universe and god are indeed the very same. (Weider and Gutierrez, 201, 56) Buddhist go to the lessons of Siddhartha Gautama otherwise called Buddha to live right and at death get away from the course of karma. After death, they trust they will get one with the universe. 2. The topic of character The subject of personality in Buddhism is replied in their conviction that every single living thing are equivalent. They trust you should live as per the lessons of Buddha so as to get away from karma and rebirth in the afterlife. . The subject of significance/reason For Buddhist the essential objective is to arrive at Nirvana and end all close to home torment. So as to end enduring one must kill every single carnal want and follow the lessons of Buddha which comprises of the â€Å"Four Noble Truths† and the â€Å"Noble Eightfold Path†. 4. The subject of profound quality Because Buddhist think everything is hallowed they follow the †Ethical Code† trained in the â€Å"Eightfold Path† which involves forgo all types of underhandedness. The significant focuses in the â€Å"ethical code† are; one must shield from taking a person’s life, taking, shameless sexual conduct, lying and inebriation. 5. The subject of predetermination Buddha dismissed the thought Hindus hold about karma, which expresses that an individual will keep on being resurrected all through time. He accepted that one could escape through the disavowal of individual wants which lead to disappointment since nothing in this world endures. Buddha instructed that everybody could arrive at Nirvana as long as they lived right. When they arrive at Nirvana devotees will live in a state where one feel neither despise nor love. Section 2: Compare and Contrast 1. The subject of birthplace Christians trust God is the maker of the universe and everything in it. Buddhist adherents follow the possibility that the universe and everything in it are very much the same. To the Buddhist everything has consistently existed not at all like for Christians who accept there was a starting which is clarified in the book of Genesis. 2. The topic of Identity-In Genesis 1:27 the book of scriptures expresses that we are made in the picture of God. Similarly as we acquire characteristics from our folks we acquire qualities from God. Buddhist accept people and creatures are unified with the universe and both are equivalent in significance. 3. The topic of significance and reason For Christian’s the importance and motivation behind people is found in John 17:3. John discloses to us that we are to know God through his Son Jesus Christ. We are to have a nearby personal connection with God. As envoys of Christ we are to proceed to impart to the world what we think about Jesus, who makes this relationship with God conceivable. Buddhist don't have confidence in an individual God. They accept god is removed and doesn't become included actually associated with people’s lives. The Buddhist accept their fundamental reason in to get away from the karma and arrive at Nirvana where they will live with no longing. 4. The subject of ethical quality Without God we can't figure out what activities are good and bad (Weider and Gutierrez, 2011, p 61) Christian devotees follow the expression of God as a manual for live their live. The good book calls adherents to cherish God and to adore their neighbor as they love themselves. These two rules shields adherents from erring against their neighbor. Buddhist adherent to Buddha’s â€Å"Four Noble Truths† and the â€Å"Eight Noble Truths†. Their â€Å"Ethical Conduct† area says an individual should maintain â€Å"right discourse, right activity, and right occupation. † These codes will free an individual from the pattern of karma. Not at all like Christians Buddhist don't put stock in pardoning the manner in which Jesus offers it. Anyway the two convictions concur that regard is unavoidable to live in harmony. 5. The topic of fate Christians put stock in paradise and damnation. The distinction in where an individual will go relies upon their acknowledgment in Jesus as Lord and Savior of their lives. Apology of wrongdoing is trailed by the absolution of Christ. A Christian will live forever in paradise in the event that they acknowledge the absolution offered by Jesus Christ. Buddhist accept â€Å"salvation† must be worked out. As indicated by the lessons of Buddha anybody can arrive at Nirvana as long as the individual attempts to carry on â€Å"right† during their lifetime.

Where Weve Been And Where Were Going

Where We’ve Been And Where We’re Going Browsing Matts blog reminded me that I have a blogiversary on the horizon as well. A quick check revealed that I missed it it was August 6. Ooops. Oh well. Whats interesting is that my second entry didnt happen until October 25, almost 3 months later. This was likely because the blogs didnt have much of an audience in those first months, so blogging wasnt one of my top priorities. For me blogging was almost an afterthought I was so busy trying to make MyMIT live up to its promises that I had little time for anything else. When I was hired, MyMIT had been designed to be more of a magazine/newspaper type of thing, with official News-Office-type articles and whatnot. As some of you will remember, the blogs portlet was buried way down in the bottom right-hand corner of the site, and we had only three bloggers (me, Matt, Mitra). Heres an excerpt from the press release I wrote last summer, which was inspired by the original MyMIT mission statement that was crafted before development even began: In September 2004, the MIT admissions office will launch a web portal designed specifically for high school students who are interested in learning more about MIT. Called MyMIT, the portal serves as a dynamic bridge between the Institute and prospective MIT students. It transcends standard viewbooks and other print material by taking full advantage of the webs interactivity, allowing the admissions office to connect with users and address their specific questions, preferences, and needs. Articles and features will be updated weekly to keep the experience fresh and to encourage frequent visits. Content caters in large part to the demands of the audience, who can email staff and students with their content requests and questions. More than simply another avenue of information, the portal allows prospective students to join the MIT community. Using only their web browsers, students can immerse themselves in MIT culture via a variety of portlets: student profiles, MIT facts, latest inventions, campus events, and news features. Oh, I learned so much in the months that followed. First, I learned that applicants wanted to read stories from primary voices, not polished (and impersonal) magazine-type articles. Second, I learned that applicants wanted to interact not only with current MIT students and MIT admissions staff, but also with each other. They didnt just want to join the MIT community; they wanted a community of their own. How did I know all of this? Because within a few months, those little blogs, buried at the bottom of the page, were getting all of the traffic. For months I brainstormed on how to take that energy and translate it to the rest of MyMIT, as it had been designed. It couldnt be done. Meanwhile, the blogs just seemed to get more and more popular. And then, one day, I stumbled upon the press release you see up there and realized that the blogs were accomplishing the mission of MyMIT far better than any component of the sites original vision. Im a big believer in finding something that works and going with it, regardless of the details. MyMIT was never designed to be dominated by the blogs, but lets face it the blogs are what give the site its power. So this year, the blogs arent tucked away in a hidden corner. Come September, well have twelve student blogs and five staff blogs seventeen in all and MyMIT has never been stronger. With tens of thousands of hits each week and requests to speak at national admissions conferences so that other schools can start similar programs Id say were on the right path. After a year of trying to find that path, I cant tell you what a relief it is to be where we are. I recently revised the press release. I think youll find that in spirit its not all that different from last years, which tells me that the answer to my best practices question was there all along it just took a little while for me to see it. Heres the new one: In September 2004, the MIT admissions office launched an extensive web portal designed specifically for high school students who are interested in learning more about MIT. Called MyMIT, the portal serves as a dynamic bridge between the Institute and prospective MIT students. It transcends standard viewbooks and other print materials by taking full advantage of the webs interactivity, allowing the admissions office to connect with users and address their specific questions, preferences, and needs. More than simply another avenue of information, the portal has allowed prospective students to actually join the MIT community. MyMIT plugs applicants into the daily adventures of twelve MIT students and five admissions financial aid staff members, offering snapshots of student life, discoveries and research, classes, clubs, events, and everything in between. Applicants can get tips and advice on the application process and then apply online and track their applications. The admissions staff worked hard this year to assemble a team of talented student writers who now serve as the front line for MyMIT. This primary source approach is a lot more honest, real, and trustworthy than the static communications of the past. The MIT community is built on a culture of openness it is in this spirit that we, the MyMIT bloggers, seek to honor MITs energy and pulse, and demystify its admissions process. So happy blogiversary to all of us. Thanks to the 09s for being our guinea pigs; and a hearty welcome to the 10s. This is going to be a great year.

Key Success Factors of Apple Inc - 2065 Words

1. Abstract Introduction – Introducing Apple Inc. (One of the largest company in computer industry), and the meaning of Key Success Factors as well as the main objective of the Research Paper. Relation to Previous Research – By analyzing different researches, we can have a whole picture of Apples success and see whether there have any managerial implication. Proposed Methods and Reflections – By using a questionnaire with different questions to respondents via Internet, we can analyze the data to reflect Apples recent key success factors. Conclusion – Brief summary of the key success factors of Apple Inc. which make it have a market share of 14% in U.S. and 3% in the world. 2. Introduction Apple Inc. is an American Multinational†¦show more content†¦Comprehensive Business Analysis†. The author of this work confirms that Apple Inc. is a successful maker because of the following elements of its strategy. First of all, it is due to the company’s constant innovations (virtually, the company is called one of the most innovative one in the country). Second, products of Apple are stylish, are characterized by usability and increased speed and memory. Besides, Apple is a company with a very strong brand, in other words, is good positioned. About this fact the following research speaks — â€Å"From computer geek to style icon† (Behind Apples Strategy: Be Second to Market) The researcher is discussing about the importance of the brand revitalizing as one of the most efficient factors of the success. Having narrowed its followers’ share to a â€Å"Specialist† brand, the company has returned its former reputation as the most fashionable computer maker in the market. Due to much attention to its customers, the company has created its own base of loyal ones who, as witness some sources, has great expectation about future company outputs. In other word they are confident of quality of Apple’s devices. This confidence alongside with effectively paying off all debts has led to overvaluing of the company in the financial markets. One of important factors of the success is the one which gives the company the possibility to compete in the market. It is margin expansion. Due to largeShow MoreRelatedApple Computer, Inc Case Study 141554 Words   |  7 PagesApple Computer, Inc case study 14 Apple has created a unique and powerful reputation and product line that continues to be innovative and fresh to the consumer for the last 30 plus years. Apple has continued to be an industry leader for hardware and in the recent years faces the extremely fast-paced market of media and software products including the global marketplace. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: * Having alliances with other strong and popular businesses is a major plus point for Apple ComputerRead MoreAnalyzing And Evaluating Apple Inc.1179 Words   |  5 PagesIn examining and evaluating Apple Inc.’s 10-K report, filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, we set out to provide a financial analysis of the company and develop a broad audit plan. We provide a breakdown of the company’s industry, primary products, raw materials used, sales, assets, number of employees, location, key economic factors related to the industry, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as an analysis of Apple’s financial strength. SecondlyRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.944 Words   |  4 PagesMain Body Statement of Problems and Purpose of Analysis Apple Inc. in 2012: Can it sustain its growth and defend against new competitive threats? The purpose of analyzing Apple Inc. is to determine if as an international company operating in a competitive global market Apple can sustain its lead over its main competitors. Having looked at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threats of Apple Inc. the analysis will focus on how the company will use its brand name and customer’s loyalty to gainRead MoreDifferent Dimensions Of Apple s Products And Services1573 Words   |  7 Pagesreport will explore the different dimensions of Apple’s products and services, the major factors in the external environment that can potentially impact on its success, influence of key stakeholders on financial performance, and contentious corporate social responsibility issues surrounding the company. The Nature, Structure, and Types of Apple’s Products and Services Apple is famous for leading-edge products. Founded in 1976 , the company essentially dealtRead MoreApple Inc.1194 Words   |  5 PagesApple Computer Inc. Strayer University Bus 499 January 29, 2012 Professor Erica Atkins Abstract This paper describes the key strategic challenges facing Apple Computer. This paper will also describe the dimensions along which company success can be measured. We will also describe the critical external and internal environmental factors that have strategic implications for Apple’s future. This paper will further explain how Apple’s strategy stands up against industry rivalry. In closing we willRead MoreInternal External Factors Of Managment Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesExternal/Internal Factors Introduction Since the start of apple in 1976 apple has established a unique reputation in the consumer electronic industry. Apple started out as a computer company and expanded into other electronics within the last decade. Apple has about 35,00 employees world wide and had world wide annual sales of 32.48 billion in its first fiscal year ending September 29,th 2008. (Para Amitt, Singh 2004) This paper will explore how Apple used the Four levels of managementRead MoreExternal Analysis Of Apple Inc.1400 Words   |  6 PagesExternal analysis of Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is a United States based technology giant. It is one of the largest companies in the world in terms of market capitalization and sells its products worldwide under various brand names. Just like most companies, Apple operates inside an environment that it cannot control, known as the external business environment. Political factors Like most companies, Apple is subject to influence by the political realm of a country. Being a multinational company also increasesRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.970 Words   |  4 PagesApple Corporation has revolutionized the technology industry though offer unique design to attract customer. In the process, Apple Inc. is aware of the weakness of the industry and pose itself into the industry with an outstanding performance results. Apple Corporation can classified with four reason that Apple became success: innovative, First, one of the factors that lead to Apple’s success is the Apple former CEO, Steven Jobs. He is the soul of Apple. He credited to first sustainable music downloadingRead MoreApple INC analysis1748 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Of Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is globally renowned as one of the leading companies, especially for its specialization in the personal computers and consumer electronics industry. The company is most well-known for the iPod, a digital music player and Macintosh, a personal computer released in 1984. Co-founded by Steve Jobs in 1976, the company was named under Apple Computers Inc. and its initial product Apple IIe gained relative popularity and success. The release of the Macintosh revolutionizedRead MoreMarketing Environment : Apple Inc.1467 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Apple Inc. was founded on the 1st of April, 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steven Wonziak (apple-history, 2014) initially selling desktop computers and then developing into innovative markets such as laptops, mp3’s, mobile phones and tablets. Apple Inc. (apple) has a reputation for redefining technology and making it appealing and functional for all market segments. Most recently, Apple Inc., alongside their latest iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus models have branched into the market of smart watches

Edgar Allan Poe And The Great Gatsby - 940 Words

Stories have been told, ever since the creation of mankind. The cavemen would tell them by using symbols and pictures drawn on cave walls. The Egyptians, Incas, and Mayans would carve symbols called hieroglyphics, to tell their stories. The civilized man before print, would tell their stories by word of mouth, or by hand writing them. There has been many great authors throughout history, with many different styles of storytelling. Some tell their stories by writing poetry, others write fictional novels, and some choice to write factual stories. Another popular way of storytelling is writing short stories. Many authors have written short stories in their time, however none compare to Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe was able to transform events from his own life, sometimes horrific, into works of art. The time period from which Edgar Allan Poe lived, also played a significant role in his writings. One of the only other authors that campers to Poe is, Nathaniel Hawthorne. Ed gar Allan Poe is one of the greatest storytellers and authors of all time. Edgar Allan Poe’s life played a major factor in his writing. Edgar Allan Poe was born in1809. Poe’s father, much like him later in life, was an alcoholic and substance abuser. His father abandoned his family when his sister was born, and was never seen again. Poe’s mother died shortly thereafter of tuberculosis. Poe was then sent to live with John and Frances Allan, where he would live out the rest of his childhood,Show MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Drugs And Drugs1471 Words   |  6 Pagesreasonable for her to drink when she is tired or shaken up, which is a common behavior of addicts. The Great Gatsby is another piece of literature that emphasized the effects of alcohol on Americans during the roaring twenties. In the novel, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote about the main character, Jay Gatsby, as a wealthy man who threw enormous parties at his house every week. In these parties, Gatsby had plenty of alcohol available for his guests’ —some who he never met— from illegal sellers since theRead MoreSymbolism in The Great Gatsby and The Raven Essay883 Words   |  4 Pagessymbols are more well-known and better understood than others. Authors use symbols to tell how they are feeling (Overview). The symbols in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe are very different; however, they are still very important throughout both pieces of literature. Throughout The Great Gatsby the narrator, Nick, describes the colors that the characters wear and colors that are shown throughout the novel. The colors serve as major symbols in the book.Read MoreReflection Of Education1016 Words   |  5 Pagesout of my minds. One of the things that really stuck to me was that one of my 5th grade teacher loved Edgar Allen Poe, in which he had pictures of his quotes, or books. We would always learn a lesson, and he would rope it back to Edgar Allen Poe, someway or somehow. He would always have this old time record player that he would play Edgar Allan Poe records along with reading us a book that Mr. Poe created. The books that I remember that he read was The Tell-Tale Heart, and The Raven in which in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s I Hear America Poem1314 Words   |  6 Pagesme, in my previous English classes, none of them made me go in front of the class and present–, made infograph, and even a multigenre project. We also can’t forget the books we’ve read in class, like poems from Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman, Edgar Allan Poe, and novels from F. Scott Fitzgerald, and we can’t forget novella like Of Mice and Men or short stories that we read in our English textbook. All of these things have tested my ability to better improve myself or inform me on where I struggleRead MoreMy Thoughts On Being A Bookworm930 Words   |  4 Pagestested me on novels to make sure I read them closely instead of just skimming the pages. Every time a pizza party came around, I filled my sheet. My love of reading incorporated more than just one type of literature. I read horror stories from Edgar Allan Poe, love stories, dramatic novels, historical fiction, poetry, and anything I could get my hands on. If a book had a nail-biting plot twist or a heart-wrenching ending, I loved it. I still do. Whenever teachers assigned books for class, I actuallyRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesBrief Survey of American Literature 1. Beginnings to 1700 Great mixing of peoples from the whole Atlantic basin Bloody conflicts between Native Americans (or American Indians) and European explorers and settlers who had both religious and territorial aspirations - Native American oral literature / oral tradition - European explorers’ letters, diaries, reports, etc., such as Christopher Columbus’s letters about his voyage to the â€Å"New world†. - Anglo (New England) settlers’ books, sermonsRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthe text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When weRead More William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay5388 Words   |  22 Pageshas a great deal of talent he can use Shakespeare as a yardstick† (Webb and Green 134). In one of his last interviews shortly before his death in 1962, Faulkner said of all writers, â€Å"We yearn to be as good as Shakespeare† (LIG 276). The parallels in the lives and careers of the two writers are remarkably striking. Both were born in provincial small towns but found their eventual success in metropolitan cities, Shakespeare in London and Faulkner in New York and Hollywood. Both had a great love

Critical Analysis on Nuclear Energy Development Free Essays

Introduction Radiation is a form of energy and different types of radiation have different amounts of energy. If radioactive waste gets out of its safe container and in to the environment it could contaminate the wildlife and people. A type of radiation is nuclear energy. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis on Nuclear Energy Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nuclear energy was discovered by lots of different people but it all started out in 1895, when Wilhelm Rontgen began passing an electric current through an evacuated glass tube and producing continuous X-rays. Nuclear energy is said to be safe compared to other energy sources. The three safety issues with nuclear energy is controlling the rate of the reaction if the reactions is uncontrolled it could cause a meltdown and radiation could seep outside of the power plant. The next safety issue is managing the radioactive materials used in the reactors. The third and final safety issue is the security of the material, because if it gets in to the wrong hands it could cause a nuclear war. A nuclear reactor produces and controls the release of energy from splitting the atom. The electricity released is used to create heat which is then used to create steam which in the very end you end up with electricity. Amounts of radiation released into the environment are measured in units called curies and the dose that a person receives is measured in units called rem. When it comes to nuclear energy there are a lot of regulations. The first regulation is that the nuclear power plant must be licensed by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and while the reactors are being built they will be supervised at all time and there has to be a final inspection as soon as the reactor is finished. They do inspections quite often to check the condition of the plant and to make sure they are following the laws. The second regulation is storage containers. After a while the uranium will not be able to be used anymore but it is still very radioactive so they have to put it in safe containers and store it either at the plant or shipped to a storage facility. The third safety regulation is transportation. Trains, trucks, airplanes, and boats all transport radioactive materials. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the department of transportation have made rules about how much radioactive waste can be transported at one time. They d o this because if there was a spill they want to keep the amount spilled to a minimum. The forth regulation is fire safety. Fire detection is so important that they have adequate fire monitoring systems. They also have a group of people that there only job is to watch for fires and if there is one to report it right away. Nuclear power plants are required to have one control station protected against fire in which workers can safely shut down the reactor if necessary. The fifth and final regulation is reports. The plant must report if they are shut down for any reason, any event that can negatively affect the plant even if it is out of their control, and they must report any airborne or liquid release of radioactive materials must be reported to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission if it exceeds the predetermined amount. The waste that comes from these plants if they choose to send it somewhere goes to a remote location in southeastern Washington State called Hanford. In this desert about 2 million curies of radioactivity and thousands of tons of chemicals are stored there. There are many weapons and medical needs. The amount of nuclear energy out there right now poses the biggest threat to public health in human history. Medical planning and defense preparations for nuclear war have increased. There is little evidence that they will be of significant value in the aftermath of a nuclear conflict. Security seems to be incompatible with basic principles of medical ethics and international law if there is any sign of weapons of mass destruction. The primary medical responsibility under such circumstances is to participate and try to prevent the start of a nuclear war. In 2008 there were some big changes made to the final FY funding bill which was then submitted to the Department of Energy’s office of Nuclear energy. Some of the programs received more than they had requested for while significant cuts were made to the budgets for other programs. The administration had requested for $801.7 million for the Office of Nuclear Energy’s. The Consolidated Appropriations Act provided $961.7 million which is $160 million over the requested amount. Preparing uranium for a reactor is a long drawn out process it goes through the steps. The steps are mining, milling, conversion, enrichment and fuel fabrication. These steps make up the first part of the nuclear fuel cycle. Uranium will spend about three years in the reactor before it goes through the second part of the nuclear cycle. The second part of the cycle includes temporary storage, reprocessing, and recycling before eventually disposing as waste. With a financial push from President Obama and even Bill Gates Nuclear energy is out in front of all the rest as an alternative to generating electricity with fossil fuels. Radioactive decay is the spontaneous breakdown of an atomic nucleus resulting in the release of energy and matter from the nucleus. Fission is a nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus splits, or fissions, into fragments, usually two fragments of comparable mass, with the release of large amounts of energy in the form of heat and radiation. Fusion energy can also be produced by combining light nuclei in a process is called nuclear fusion. The things that have gone on in Japan have been absolutely terrible. On March 11th is when the earthquake and tsunami hit Japan. The nuclear power plant had emergency procedures in place for an earthquake in Japan. The nuclear power plant has fuel in the reactors that gets very hot and continuous stream of water that runs by the heated fuel and carries the heat away. This fuel is designed to work in such a way that it will cool on its own if there are no continuing chain reactions. When the earthquake hit, the plant shut down as it was designed to do and emergency power went on. However, then the tsunami hit as well, and power was completely knocked out. Of the eight reactors, they were having problems with three. The combination of two natural disasters is what caused this issue. Every nuclear power plant has to prepare for emergencies just like the one in Japan. Some of the rules you are supposed to follow when a power plant has an emergency are to listen to the specific warnings because you may be able to take care of the problem before it would get outside the power plant. Review your emergency handbook and be sure to tune your radio to the emergency alert systems channel to keep updated on what’s going on. Finally, evacuate to a designated reception center. Now there are different things you have to do when the emergency has already happened. If you are told to evacuate do not return home until officials say its okay, if you are told to stay inside and not come out do it and seek medical treatment if you have any unusual symptoms such as nausea which could be related to the radiation exposure. My personal opinion on developing nuclear energy is that it is a good thing to have around because it produces energy and jobs. The bad thing about it is that it is very dangerous to have around. If there was ever an accident it could leak toxic radioactive waste everywhere. I think that we should not produce nuclear energy in the United States because it is too dangerous. I would be against it if the United States ever decided to put a nuclear power plant in Delaware Ohio. If something were to go wrong all the people and businesses around there could be hurt and the people could die. If we had a power plant in Delaware Ohio there would be no way they could store the radioactive waste here they would have to send it somewhere else which would cause more of a danger because then a spill could happen on their way to the new site.That is to close for comfort. If they decide to put more nuclear power plants in the United States they should put it out in the middle of nowhere. I t hink that would be the safest place for them to be. References Black, R. (2011, March 15). Japan quake: Radiation rises at fukushima nuclear plant. Retrieved May 18, 2011, from http://www.bbc.co.uk// Hanes, A., Gleisner, J. (2009, October 24). Nuclear weapons and medicine: Some ethical dilemmas. Retrieved from National institutes of Health website: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov//? Nuclear fuel cycle. (2011, February). Retrieved May 18, 2011, from http://www.world-nuclear.org//.htm Nuclear power plants. (2011). Retrieved May 18, 2011, from http://www.mass.gov/pageID=eopsterminalL=4L0=HomeL1=Homeland+Security+%26+Emergency+ResponseL2=Planning+%26+PreparednessL3=Familysid=Eeopsb=terminalcontentf=mema_nuclear_power_plants_infocsid=Eeops Pros and cons of nuclear energy. (2011). Retrieved May 18, 2011, from http://timeforchange.org/and-cons-of-nuclear-power-and-sustainability Safety regulations of nuclear power plants. (2011, February). Retrieved May 16, 2011, from http://www.ehow.com/_5042817_safety-regulations-nuclear-power-plants.html Sloter, K. (2011, March 17). What really happened– japan nuclear power plant crisis. Retrieved May 18, 2011, from http://umichsph.wordpress.com/?/?/?/really-happened-japan-nuclear-power-plant-crisis/ Staedter, T. (2010, March 17). Is nuclear energy safeRetrieved May 16, 2010, from http://news.discovery.com//nuclear-energy-safe.html How to cite Critical Analysis on Nuclear Energy Development, Essay examples

Profitability of Commercial Bank-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the determinants of Profitability of state-owned as well as joint- stock Chinese Commercial banks after the Global Economic Crisis (GFC). Answer: Introduction This chapter examines the determinants of profitability of state-owned as well as joint- stock Chinese commercial banks after the global economic crisis (GFC). The determinants of profitability of the commercial banks are usually grouped into both the internal factors and external factors. The internal factors are generally under the control of management while the external factors are ahead of the bank management control. The internal determinants provide the reflection of how the bank management policies as well as decisions vary regarding the composition of assets (Allah Teng-su-dao Yu-ming, 2013). This signifies the amount of investment in both current as well as non-current assets, deposit composition interpreting current as well as fixed deposits, capital adequacy indicating ratio of debt to equity, efficiency in operative expense and the dependency on the liquidity management and debt leverage. Both the theoretical and empirical aspect of these internal factors is analyzed in this study. On the other hand, the external determinants of profitability including macro environment and industry structure are also explained in this research study. A well capitalized commercial bank is risk averse and improves confidence of the public, reduces cost of bankruptcy and leads to positive effect on profit margin. Research methods of profitability of commercial banks The determinant that affects the profitability in commercial banks is split into two groups that includes- internal or bank specific factors and external or macroeconomic factors as well as industry structure. The internal factors includes bank size, cost to income ratio, capital adequacy ratio, interbank offered rate etc while the external factors includes inflation, GDP, unemployment rate etc. Bank size has been considered as the pertinent determinant of its profitability level. Large size banks reduce cost due to economies of scale. In fact, diversification opportunities permit in maintaining returns while reducing risk. On the contrary, large bank size implies that it can be unmanageable to the management or it might be result of aggressive growth strategy of banks. De Haan Poghosyan (2012) states that, large bank size tend to be highly profitable in the industrial nations. In case of Chinese banks, large bank size seems to be linked with more government intervention as the they are the state owned commercial banks with huge portion of government intervention and ownership. Cost to income ratio refers to the measure of efficiency indicating the cost of operation in banks as percentage of income. Qin Dickson (2012) states that larger the cost to income ratio, less efficient the commercial banks will be. This in turn adversely impacts on the banks profit based on the extent of market competition. Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) refers to the ratio of banks capital to their risk. This helps in determining the capacity of banks for meeting time liabilities as well as other risk including operational risk, credit risk etc. Zhao, Zuo Zillante (2013) found out that this ratio affects the performance of banks positively, although it is confined to state-owned banks. Inter- bank offered rate refers to the interest rate at which the commercial banks lend as well as borrow from each other in the inter- bank market. The commercial banks borrow as well as lend money in the interbank market for managing liquidity and meeting reserve requirements sited by regulators. This rate has been considered as the leading gauge for the central bank when they creates as well as conducts monetary policies. This factor also helps in determining profitability rate in the state owned as well as joint stocks commercial banks. Nonperforming loan ratio refers to the sum of total amount borrowed upon which the payments has not been made by the debtor for 90 days. The lending policy of the commercial banks has vital influence on the NPLs. This lending decision of the banks in turn has huge significance in the banks as it determines their future level of profitability and performance. As stated by Tan Floros (2012), the immediate result of huge amount of total NPLs leads to failure in banks and economic slowdown. Besides this, the profitability in banks can be measured in terms of return on equity(ROE), return on assets (ROA) and net interest margin(NIM). The primary interest of bank owners is ROE as with the help of this they earn on investment, which in turn depends on ROA and total asset value. ROA refers to the financial ratio that reflects profit percentage that the bank earns with respect to its total resources. Similarly, NIM reflects how well the commercial banks earn income on their assets. Thus, high NIM signifies well-managed commercial banks and also signifies future profitability. Principal component analysis Principal component analysis refers to the mathematical process that is used to transform number of correlated variables into uncorrelated variables. It also represents powerful tool to analyze data by declining several dimensions without any loss of information applied in datasets. The PC is used for identifying risk exposure and determine profitability in banks In order to measure the profitability of Chinese commercial banks, the principal component analysis has been carried out. The principal component variable that is used in this study includes ROAA, ROAE and NIM. ROAA, ROAE and NIM represents return on assets, return on equity and net interest margin. The principal component analysis attempts in reorganizing the multiple indicators with specific correlation into new set of indicators, which are not dependent on each other (Chen, Chong She, 2014). ROA refers to an indicator that indicates the profitability level of bank or organization in relation to its total assets. It is estimated by the ratio of net income to the total assets. It has been seen from the article (Economics.uwo.ca, 2017) that, higher the ROA, lower the risk of banks financial instability. The ability of bank helps in generating sufficient as well as sustainable profitability raises its market continuity. However, in China, the ROA reflects positive sign of coefficient . This reflects the fact that after the GFC, the profitability level of Chinese commercial banks increased and risk of instability in banks also decreased. ROE refers to the net amount of income returned in terms of percentage of the shareholders equity. It determines profitability that is generated from the total amount of capital , which the shareholder. The ROE of the Chinese banks increased from 2009 to 2014 but suddenly it fell in the last two years ( 2015 and 2016). This highlights that the level of profitability increased from 2009 to 2014 but it fell in the last two years, which adversely affected their financial performance. In comparison to ROE, ROA has been considered as the better measure of the banks profitability as it is affected by banks capital structure. Another principal component that has been used in determining the profitability of Chinese commercial banks is NIM. NIM refers to the measurement of the divergence between interest income that has been generated by banks and the interest given to the lenders (Ijsrp.org. 2017). Recent statistics shows that the NIM in Chinese banks has increased over the years 2009 to 2016. Therefore higher the NIM, larger will be the profit margin of banks. This variable is attributable to the huge operational efficiency and better management. After the GFC, these coefficients highlights that total assets as well as bank capitalization had no adverse impact on the anticipated high value variables such as equity ratio, capital adequacy ratio, ROE, ROA etc. Additionally, bank capitalization as well as assets exerted no positive impact on the small value variables such as operating cost ratio (Johnston, 2014). The size of bank capitalization had positive impact on the capital adequacy and equity ratio after the sub-prime crisis period. This reflects that capitalization of bank counteracts the adverse impact on the capital adequacy during the financial crisis period Data envelopment analysis DEA refers to the non-parametric efficiency evaluation methodology from output to input that uses output with input and hence constrict effective decision-making unit (DMU). It is specially used for measuring productive efficiency of the banks or decision-making units (DMU). This tool is also utilized to benchmark in the banks operation management for estimating production and profitability level. After the GFC, the results of DEA reflect that the technical efficiency and profitability of the commercial had less volatility. The output indicators shows that total loans of the five state owned banks in China had decreased while the total deposits increased during this period (Dietrich Wanzenried, 2012). Likewise, the output indicators of joint stock commercial banks indicates that the total loans had declined but the input indicators signifies that total deposit had increased over the years. But the statistics reflects that the total deposits in state owned Chinese commercial banks is higher than joint- stock banks (Luo Liang, 2012) . This signifies that the performance of state owned banks was better than joint owned banks in this nation after the GFC. Chinese commercial banks adopts DEA as it benefits them in two ways that includes- DEA does not require for constructing particular production function or coefficients of functions that can avoid unwanted results caused by individuals wrong settings of pattern function DEA effectively deals with problems of both qualitative as well as quantitative indicators that might settle the ratio scale and scale data compatibility along with less restraint of the values. Kapan Minoiu (2013) found out that, DEA helps in analyzing the efficiency of both the state owned and joint- stock commercial banks in China. This in turn facilitates in determining profitability of these banks. Internal factors (bank specific) Theoretical aspects The internal factors of the commercial bank play significant role in finding its profitability level. It has been opined by Zhao, Zuo Zillante (2015) that, the internal factors of the banks includes bank size, equity ratio, cost- to income ratio, core capital adequacy ratio, inter-bank offered rate and non- performing loan ratio. Chen, Chen. Gerlach (2013) has founded that the commercial bank capital have direct effect on the profits of the bank. With the increasing expansion as well as development of the commercial banking sector in China and its vital position of this nations financial system, their operational efficiency has been mainly focused on for increasing their profitability. The commercial banks of China have currently adopted two main efficiency assessing methods that includes- SFA (Stochastic frontier approach) and DEA (data envelopment analysis). The efficiency of bank also includes technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Technical efficiency has been used for meas uring the ability of manufactures receiving maximum output in the present technology level. On the other hand, scale efficiency signifies the effect of changes in the efficiency size. Wang (2014) found that, the profitability of bank measured in terms of return on equity (ROE) is directly related to concentration of bank, ownership of bank and other macroeconomic variables. In addition, the intangible bank specific determinants are also important in determining the profitability in the banks. One of the example is the quality of bank managerial decisions. Martin (2012) stated that, the quality of management of commercial bank is closely linked to corporate governance. However, there have been peculiar circumstances in China in account of corporate governance, taken from its transformation to the market economy. The Chinese banks in fact are subject to huge extent to government intervention. There have been several cases in which the Chinese commercial banks were not free in choosing their structure of asset as credit has been directly or indirectly managed by the governments (Sun, 2013). Therefore, weak corporate governance results in low quality of asset, high liquidity and hindering profitability. The Chinese banks that are owned by government are subject to huge government intervention as compared to the banks of private ownership. Empirical Aspect Both the state-owned and joint stock commercial banks in China gain profit from their lending activities. The empirical aspect signifies that the structure of market was not the main factor that influenced the profitability of banks. The profitability of banks has been measured by using Return on Assets ( ROA) and return on equity ( ROE) and Net interest margin (NIM). Besides, the ROA on the state owned commercial banks has been lower than those of joint- stock banks while the ROE for state owned has been higher than that of joint stock banks. ROA has been used for two reasons, which includes- Firstly, ROA is more comprehensive determinant of profitability Secondly, it is allows comparison between the commercial banks of China Recent study reflects that the total assets of the Chinese commercial banks had increased during the period 2009 to 2016. However, this indicates that the profitability level of the state owned and joint stock banks improved over this period. Liang (2012) found that the cost to income ratio of the state-owned commercial bank in China had decreased during the period 2009 to 2016. Likewise, the joint stock commercial banks in this nation also decreased during this period. As a result, it leads to increase in efficiency and profitability of the Chinese commercial banks after the GFC. Moreover, decline in loss of loan rebounds in profit margin of this country. In addition, the Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio of both the state-owned as well as joint stock commercial bank in China had increased slightly increased over this period. The main reason behind this is that the business kept on expanding, the risk were under the control and the retained earnings outcomes into increase in capital. Thus, this adversely impacts on the profitability level of the Chinese commercial banks. Furthermore, the nonperforming loan rate of the commercial banks in China has been rising during this period. The rise in nonperforming loan rate (NPL) was due to general economic downturn , decline in price of properties and bad operating conditions of the small and medium enterprises (SME). Over this period, this NPL rate of the Chinese commercial banks had increased over this period. This adversely impacts on the profitability level of the banks in this nation (Zhang, Cai Dickinson, 2016). The interbank offered rate refers to one of the rate of interest rate with highest level of marketization. This is mainly determined by the lending supply and demand in the market. The interbank offered rate of the Chinese commercial banks had increased over this period, which reflects increase in their profitability level. Figure : NPL ratio of the Chinese commercial banks Source: (Chen, Chen Gerlach, 2013) External factors and profitability Macroeconomic factors It has been pointed out by Kolapo, Ayeni Oke (2012), the profitability level of the commercial bank is also influenced by the external factors. Specific to these macroeconomic factors, this study has selected three main determinants for determining profitability of the Chinese commercial banks. These determinants include- real GDP growth rate, growth rate of money supply and rate of unemployment. Real GDP growth rate refers to the measurement of the economic activity of the nation. Increase in economic growth of this nation encourages the commercial banks in lending more amounts and permitting them in charging higher margins and enhancing their asset quality. Ongore Kusa (2013) has founded direct relationship between the profitability of bank and the real GDP. Firth, Li Shuye (2016) opines that per capita income has been used and suggested that this macroeconomic factor has strong positive influence on the earnings of the banks. However, Martin (2012) findings recommended that there has been correlation between the business cycle and profitability of banks. In addition, the real GDP growth rate influences positively on the performance of the banks through three channels that includes- net interest income, operating cost and improvement of loan losses. Therefore, higher GDP growth rate causes increase in firm loans as well as deposits and makes net interest income of banks t o enhance. Rise in GDP growth rate entails higher disposable income and decline in unemployment rate in the nation. Thus, net interest income as well as loan losses are pro-cyclical with the growth in GDP (Yao, Luo Loh, 2013). The real GDP growth rate during the period 2009-2016 in China had slowed significantly over the years after GFC, which reflects deposits in banks have not increased at higher rate and hence increased the cost of loan payments. Figure : Real GDP growth rate in China Source: (statistia.com, 2017) The unemployment rate has indirect relationship with the profitability of banks. Increase in rate of unemployment triggers to rise in NPL rate owing to contraction of reimbursing household capacity (Riaz Mehar, 2013). Furthermore, rise in unemployment rate leads to material decrease in demand for loans. This in turn leads to significant reduction of the ratio between interest bearing assets and interest bearing liabilities. Therefore, rise in unemployment rate adversely impacts on the financial performance of commercial banks. Recent statistics reflects that the unemployment rate in China during the period 2009 to 2016 had been stable. As the level of unemployment over the years had remained below the target level (5%), it increased the profitability level and improved the financial performance of Chinese commercial banks. Figure 3: unemployment rate in China during the years 2009-2016 Source: ( As created by author) Money supply is also considered as another determinant of profitability of the commercial banks. The quantity theory of money states that changes in money supply leads to change in the nominal GDP of the nation and the price level. Money supply signifies the entire currency stock and liquid tools circulating in the economy within a specified time frame (Chen, Chen Gerlach, 2013). The rise in the money supply reduces interest rates and this in turn creates huge investment and stimulates the consumer spending. It is usually determined by the policy implemented by Central bank. Nevertheless, it is influenced by the households behavior that holds money as well as the commercial banks in which the cash is being held. Lee Chih, (2013) used the money supply as the measure of the market size and hence found that it influences the profitability of banks. Thus, money supply positively affects the profit margins of the commercial banks. Figure 4: money supply in China during the period 2009-2016 Source: (trading economics.com, 2017) The above figure reflects that the money supply in China had increased after the GFC (2009-2016). This increase in supply of money enhanced the profitability of both state owned as well as joint stock commercial banks in China. However, the monetary policy implemented by the central bank of China enhances money supply. This in turn directly raises the existing funds of the Chinese commercial banks and there by increases their interest income. Industry structure (Market concentration) It has been opined by Hou, Wang Zhang (2014) that, the market concentration has significant indirect relationship with the profitability of banks. Market concentration refers to the extent to which the smaller number of firms or banks accounts for larger percentage in the market. The concentration ratio signifies the presence of market power. Meanwhile, it has been indicated by Dong (2014) that, the industry structure has significant impact on the performance of both the state-owned as well as joint- stock commercial banks in China. According to the share holders perspective, higher concentration rate is linked with the better quality of bank loan, lower risk of asset and less insolvency risk. One of the approach that helps in measuring the market concentration level is Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), which is estimated by summing up the squares of the firms market share in the industry. According to Firth, Li Shuye (2016), the HHI for the banking industry in China that includes both the state owned as well as joint-stock commercial banks competing in the similar markets is 0.11. This indicates high level of concentration in the Chinese market. Over the last few years (2009-2016), the market concentration level of China remained almost stable. This reflects that the higher market concentration level in Chinese banking industry has increased their banking profitability level. Molyneux, Liu Jiang, (2014) states that the market power materializing from the concentrated banking industry does not encourage the managers as well as the shareholders to engage in the risky operation of the banks and selection of customers. A high concentrated market have various applications, which includes- The redistribution of banks profit within the industry at the expense of small size banks Influential banking market helps to achieve huge profits at expense of other non- banking companies , which in turn benefits the smaller commercial banks Conclusion In the context of the reform in Chinese commercial banks, this study analyzes the determinants of profitability of the Chinese banks after the GFC. The analysis has been done based on the panel data set of five state owned banks and forty joint stock banks. After adopting the DEA, the efficiency of these commercial banks has also been determined in effective way. After reforms in banking, the state owned commercial banks in this nation have become leading financial force in the global economy. They have become more efficient as well as profitable after GFC. Their profitability had also been rooted with high interest margin, cost advantage and oligopolistic market structure with highly protective restrictions. Moreover, as the efficiency of joint stock banks declines, there profitability became less than the state owned banks in this nation. The profitability of Chinese commercial banks has been determined based on the both the external and internal factors. In order to enhance financ ial intermediation of the present commercial banking system in this nation, policymakers considers increasing the ceiling on the rate of deposits. Implementation of this policy helps the shifting the deposits from large to smaller commercial banks that are highly efficient in using these deposits. It also helps in reducing market concentration level and encourages competition among banks. Liquidity also plays critical role in improving bank efficiency and thereby improves their capacity of lending that is based on strategies. From this study, it can be seen that the level of profitability in Chinese commercial banks has increased after the GFC. Moreover, both the external and internal factors reflect the efficiency of the bank improved, which led to rise in profitability level. This in turn improved the financial performance of the Chinese commercial banks during the period 2009-2016. The above study also indicated that the level of profitability in banks seemed to be persistent in China after the GFC. References Alessandri, P., Nelson, B. D. (2015). Simple banking: profitability and the yield curve.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,47(1), 143-175. Allah Teng-su-dao, L. J., Yu-ming, Y. I. N. (2013). 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